UPSC Santhali Syllabus 2025 – IAS Mains Optional Subjects

(Answers must be written in Santhali)

Section-A

Part-I History of Santhali Language

I. Main Austric Language family, population and distribution.
II. The grammatical structure of Santhali Language.
III. The important character of Santhali Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Translation, Lexicography.
IV. Impact of other languages on Santhali.
V. Standardization of Santhali Language.

Part-II History of Santhali Literature.

I. Literary trends of the following four periods of History of Santhali Literature.
(a) Ancient literature before 1854.
(b) Missionary period: Literature between 1855 to 1889 AD.
(c) Medieval period: Literature between 1890 to 1946 AD.
(d) Modern period: Literature from 1947 AD to till date.
II. Writing tradition in History of Santhali Literature.

Section-B

Literary forms – Main characteristics, history and development of following literary forms.

Part-I: Folk Literature in Santhali-folk song, folk tale, phrase, idioms, puzzles, and Kudum.

Part-II: Modern literature in Santhali
(a) Development of poetry and prominent poets.

(b) Development of prose and prominent writers.

(i) Novels and prominent Novelists.
(ii) Stories and prominent story writers.
(iii) Drama and prominent Dramatist.
(iv) Criticism and prominent critics.
(v) Essay, sketches, memoirs, travelogues and prominent writers.

Shyam Sunder Hembram, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Barha Beshra, Sadhu Ramchand Murmu, Narayan Soren ‘Toresutam’, Sarada Prasad Kisku, Raghunath Tudu, Kalipada Soren, Sakla Soren, Digambar Hansda, Aditya Mitra ‘Santhali’, Babulal Murmu ‘Adivasi’, Jadumani Beshra, Arjun Hembram, Krishna Chandra Tudu, Rupchand Hansda, Kalendra Nath Mandi, Mahadev Hansda, Gour Chandra Murmu, Thakur Prasad Murmu, Hara Prasad Murmu, Uday Nath Majhi, Parimal Hembram, Dhirendra Nath Baske, Shyam Charan Hembram, Damayanti Beshra, T.K. Rapaj, Boyha Biswanath Tudu.Part-III : Cultural Heritage of Santhali tradition, customs, festival and rituals (birth, marriage and death).

UPSC Mains Santhali Syllabus PAPER – II

(Answers must be written in Santhali)

Section-A

This paper will require the in-depth reading of the following texts and the questions will be designed to test the candidates’ critical ability.

Part-IV : Drama

(a) Kherwar Bir-Pandit Raghunath Murmu
(b) Juri Khatir-Dr. K.C. Tudu
(c) Birsa Bir-Ravi Lal Tudu

Part-V : Biography

Santal Ko Ren Mayam Gohako-Dr.
Biswanath Hansda.

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