UPSC Zoology Syllabus 2021 – IAS Mains Optional Subjects

UPSC Zoology Syllabus 2021: Check out the latest UPSC Mains Zoology Syllabus 2021. Zoology subject is one of the optional papers in UPSC IAS Mains Exam. Earlier we’ve provided UPSC Mains Syllabus, Now we are providing UPSC Mains Optional Subject Syllabus of Zoology Paper. There is only “ONE” optional subject to choose from the list of optional subjects which are given below. It comprises of two papers each of 250 marks. So, the optional paper has a total 500 marks. In UPSC Civil Services Mains Exam, Zoology is one of the Optional Subjects and consists of 2 papers. Each paper is of 250 marks with a total of 500 marks. Find below the UPSC Syllabus for Zoology Optional Subject.

Also Check: UPSC Mains Optional Subjects List

UPSC Zoology Syllabus

UPSC Mains Part B  – Optional Subjects
Subject: Zoology Main Examination Syllabus

UPSC Mains Zoology Syllabus PAPER – I

1. Non-Chordata and Chordata:

(a)  Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate, Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora, and Hemichordata; Symmetry.

(b) Protozoa:

Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General features and life history of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium, and Leishmania.

(c) Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.

(d) Cnidaria:

Polymorphism, defensive structures, and their mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia.

(e)   Platyhelminthes:

Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their pathogenic symptoms.

(f)  Nemathelminthes:

General features, life history, a parasitic adaptation of Ascaris and Wuchereria.

(g) Annelida:

Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and life history of Nereis, earthworm, and leach.

(h) Arthropoda:

Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods (Prawn, cockroach, and scorpion); modification of mouthparts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee, and butterfly); metamorphosis in insect and its hormonal regulation, the social behavior of Apis and termites.

(i)   Mollusca:

Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and life history of Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion in gastropods.

(j)  Echinodermata:

Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general features and life history of Asterias.

(k)  Protochordata:

Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdmania.

(l)   Pisces: Respiration, locomotion, and migration.

(m)  Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis.

(n)  Reptilia: Origin of reptiles, skull types, the status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.

(o)  Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration.

(p)  Mammalia:

Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg-laying mammals, pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.

(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates (integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system, respiratory system, the circulatory system including heart and aortic arches, urinogenital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear).

2. Ecology:

(a)  Biosphere: Concept of the biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles, Human-induced changes in an atmosphere including the greenhouse effect, ecological succession, biomes and ecotones, community ecology. (b)   The concept of the ecosystem; structure and function of the ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological succession, ecological adaptation. (c)   Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization. (d)  Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources. (e)   Wildlife of India. (f)  Remote sensing for sustainable development. (g)   Environmental biodegradation, pollution and its impact on the biosphere and its prevention.

3. Ethology:

(a)   Behavior: Sensory filtering, responsive-ness, sign stimuli, learning and memory, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting. (b)   Role of hormones in drive; the role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection, predator tactics, social hierarchies in primates, social organization in insects.        (c)  Orientation, navigation, homing, biological rhythms, biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms. (d)  Methods of studying animal behavior including sexual conflict, selfishness, kinship, and altruism.

4. Economic Zoology:

(a)  Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture, vermiculture. (b)        Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens, and prevention. (c)   Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (helminthes) and vectors (ticks, mites, Tabanus, Stomoxys). (d)  Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella) oil seed (Achaea janata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae). (e)   Transgenic animals. (f)  Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic counselling, gene therapy. (g)   Forensic biotechnology.

5. Biostatistics:

Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and measure of central tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test (one-way & two-way Ftest).

6. Instrumentation Methods:

(a)   Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, a radioactive tracer, ultracentrifuge, gel electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH and chromosome painting. (b)  Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

UPSC Mains Zoology Syllabus PAPER – II

1. Cell Biology:

(a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movements, chromosome type polytene and lambrush, organization of chromatin, heterochromatin, Cell cycle regulation. (b) Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein foldings, and transport.

2. Genetics:

(a)  The modern concept of the gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic code. (b)  Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila and man. (c)   Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in man. (d)  Mutations and mutagenesis. (e) Recombinant DNA technology; plasmid, cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vectors, transgenic, DNA cloning and whole animal cloning (principles and methods). (f)  Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (g)   Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathway and consequences. (h)   RFLP, RAPD and AFLP and application of RFLP in DNA fingerprinting, ribozyme technologies, human genome project, genomics and proteomics.

3. Evolution:

(a)  Theories of origin of life. (b)   Theories of evolution; Natural selection, the role of mutations in evolution, evolutionary patterns, molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolation, and speciation. (c)   Evolution of horse, elephant, and man using fossil data. (d)  Hardy-Weinberg Law. (e)   Continental drift and distribution of animals.

4. Systematics:

Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics, molecular taxonomy, and biodiversity.

5. Biochemistry:

(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids and cholesterol, proteins and amino-acids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics. b) Glycolysis and Kreb cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation, energy conservation and release, ATP cycle, cyclic AMP – its structure and role. (c)   Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and functions. (d)  Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action. (e)   Vitamins and co-enzymes. (f)  Immunoglobulin and immunity.

6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals):

(a)   Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man, factors and mechanism of coagulation, iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermo-regulation, anticoagulants. (b)  Hemoglobin: Composition, types, and role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. (c)   Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands. (d)  Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmoregulation and excretory product. (e)   Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles. (f)  Neuron: nerve impulse – its conduction and synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters. (g)   Vision, hearing, and olfaction in man. (h)  Physiology of reproduction, puberty, and menopause in humans.

7. Developmental Biology:

(a)   Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis, the composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo capacitation of mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency; fertilization, morphogenesis and morphogen, blastogenesis, the establishment of body axes formation, fate map, gesticulation in frog and chick; genes in development in chick, homeotic genes, development of eye and heart, placenta in mammals. (b)   Cell lineage, cell-to-cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis, the role of thyroxine in control of metamorphosis in amphibia, paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death, aging. (c)   Developmental genes in man, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, cloning. (d)  Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human welfare. (e)   Biogenetic law.