Operation Research Notes Pdf Free Download- B.Tech Study Materials, Lecture Notes, Books Pdf

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Operation Research Notes Pdf

Introduction to Operation Research: The British/Europeans refer to “operational research”, the Americans to “operations research” – but both are often shortened to just “OR” (which is the term we will use). Another term that is used for this field is “management science” (“MS”). The Americans sometimes combine the terms OR and MS together and say “OR/MS” or “ORMS”. Yet other terms sometimes used are “industrial engineering” (“IE”), “decision science” (“DS”), and “problem-solving”.

Operation Research Notes for Mechanical Engineering Pdf

OBJECTIVE:
• Identify and develop operational research models from the verbal description of the real system.
• Understand the mathematical tools that are needed to solve optimization problems.
• Use mathematical software to solve the proposed models.
• Develop a report that describes the model and the solving technique, analyze the results and propose recommendations in a language understandable to the decision-making processes in Management Engineering

UNIT-I:

Introduction to Operations Research: Basics definition, scope, objectives, phases, models, and limitations of Operations Research. Linear Programming Problem – Formulation of LPP, Graphical solution of LPP. Simple Method, Artificial variables, big-M method, two-phase method, degeneracy, and unbound solutions.

UNIT-II:

Transportation Problem. Formulation, solution, unbalanced Transportation problem. Finding basic feasible solutions – Northwest corner rule, least cost method, and Vogel’s approximation method. Optimality test: the stepping stone method and MODI method

UNIT-III:

Assignment model. Formulation. The Hungarian method for the optimal solution. Solving the unbalanced problem. Traveling salesman problem and assignment problem Sequencing models. Solution of
Sequencing Problem – Processing n Jobs through 2 Machines – Processing n Jobs through 3 Machines – Processing 2 Jobs through m machines – Processing n Jobs through m Machines

UNIT-IV:

Dynamic programming. Characteristics of dynamic programming. Dynamic programming approach for Priority Management employment smoothening, capital budgeting, Stage Coach/Shortest Path, cargo loading and Reliability problems Games Theory. Competitive games, rectangular game, saddle point, minimax (maximin) method of optimal strategies, value of the game. Solution of games with saddle points, dominance principle. Rectangular games without saddle point – mixed strategy for 2 X 2 games

UNIT-V:

Replacement Models. The Replacement of Items that Deteriorate whose maintenance costs increase with time without change in the money value. Replacement of items that fail suddenly: individual replacement policy, group replacement policy

UNIT-VI:

Inventory models. Inventory costs. Models with deterministic demand – model (a) demand rate uniform and production rate infinite, model (b) demand rate non-uniform and production rate
infinite, model (c) demand rate uniform and production rate finite.

Operation Research Notes OUTCOME:
• The methodology of Operations Research.
• Linear programming: solving methods, duality, and sensitivity analysis.
• Integer Programming.
• Network flows.
• Multi-criteria decision techniques.
• Decision making under uncertainty and risk.
• Game theory. Dynamic programming.

Important Questions List

• Explain briefly the characteristics of a queuing system.
• A TV repairman finds that the time spent on his jobs has an exponential distribution with mean 30 minutes. If he repairs sets in the order in which they come in, and if the arrival of sets is approximately Poison with an average rate of 10 per 8 hour day, what is repairman’s expected idle time each day? How many jobs are ahead of the average set just brought in?
• Find the optimal economic order quantity for a product having the following characteristics: Annual demand=2400 unit Ordering cost=Rs.100 Cost of storage=24% of unit cost
• What are the demerits of dynamic programming?
•  What are the pre-requisites for applying dynamic programming?
• Discuss the types of simulation models.
• What do you understand by simulation? Explain briefly its advantages and disadvantages.

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